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Attached to it, in Greek characters, was the saying "Τούτῳ Νίκα!". At noon, Constantine saw a cross of light imposed over the sun. In this later version, the Roman emperor had been pondering the misfortunes that befall commanders that invoke the help of many different gods, and decided to seek divine aid in the forthcoming battle from the One God. In a memoir of the Roman emperor that Eusebius wrote after Constantine's death ( On the Life of Constantine, circa 337–339), a miraculous appearance came in Gaul long before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. In his church history, written shortly after the battle, when Eusebius didn't yet have any contact with Constantine, he doesn't mention any dream or vision, but compares the defeat of Maxentius (drowned in the Tiber) to that of the biblical pharaoh and credits Constantine's victory to divine protection. Origin and adoptionĮmperor Constantine's labarum, a standard incorporating the wreathed Chi-Rho, from an antique silver medal.Įusebius of Caesarea (died in 339) gave two different accounts of the events. The Chi Rho symbol has two Unicode codepoints: U+2627 ☧ CHI RHO in the Miscellaneous Symbols block and U+2CE9 ⳩ COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO in the Coptic block. In pre-Christian times, the Chi-Rho symbol was also to mark a particularly valuable or relevant passage in the margin of a page, abbreviating chrēston "good." Some coins of Ptolemy III Euergetes (r. Early symbols similar to the Chi Rho were the Staurogram ( ) and the IX monogram ( ). Constantine's standard was known as the Labarum. 306–337) as part of a military standard ( vexillum). The Chi-Rho symbol was used by the Roman emperor Constantine I (r. The Chi-Rho thus symbolises specifically the status of Jesus as the risen Christ ( Messiah). That the vertical stroke of the rho intersects the center of the chi. It is formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters chi and rho ( ΧΡ) of the Greek word ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ " Christ" in such a way The Chi Rho ( / ˈ k aɪ ˈ r oʊ/ also known as chrismon ) is one of the earliest forms of christogram, and is used by some Christians.